Which term describes actions to defeat the threat posed by proliferant states?

• A. Counterproliferation.
• B. Nonproliferation.
• C. Threat Reduction Cooperation.
• D. CBRN passive defense.

Answer: (B)

Nonproliferation focuses on preventing the spread and acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by proliferant states through diplomatic efforts, treaties, export controls, and verification regimes. This preventive approach is why it best fits actions intended to defeat the threat before it manifests, by stopping programs and transfers from taking root.

Counterproliferation, by contrast, centers on active measures to defeat or deter ongoing or imminent proliferant activities, often in a military or coercive context, rather than preventing them in the first place. Threat Reduction Cooperation involves steps to reduce threats by securing materials and dismantling programs, which supports nonproliferation goals but isn’t the broad preventive framing described. CBRN passive defense deals with protecting people and infrastructure from CBRN threats, not preventing proliferation itself.